Gies have many issues including higher operating charges, substantial floor
Gies have a number of issues like high operating expenses, large floor space, and difficulty in sludge disposal, and so forth. [2,3]. Therefore, it truly is necessary to discover an efficient and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment technology to replace traditional technologies. Microalgae are a type of single-celled microorganism that exist widely in aquatic environments. Microalgae can use carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus as the principal nutrients to maintain their development [4]. Compared using the traditional biological therapy approach, the microalgae treatment procedure can reduce the concentration of organic (Z)-Semaxanib Data Sheet matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, and also other substances in wastewater [5]. Microalgae also capture and utilize carbon dioxide by means of photosynthesis [8]. Meanwhile, the microalgae biomass cultured in wastewater is usually converted into animal feed [9], biodiesel [10,11], biological fertilizer [12], as well as other substances [13,14] for resource utilization. The application of microalgae in wastewater remedy can not only reach the removal of nutrients but also recover biomass for resource utilization, which has promising application prospects within the future. The growth of microalgae in wastewater is influenced by numerous biological and abiotic factors, including nutrients, original microorganisms, light condition, and CO2 concentration, and so forth. [15]. Prior research have shown that there’s a symbiotic connection betweenPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access post distributed beneath the terms and situations of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Water 2021, 13, 3060. https://doi.org/10.3390/whttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/waterWater 2021, 13,two ofmicroalgae and bacteria, correctly facilitating the growth price and nutrient removal efficiency of microalgae [16]. In the microalgae SC-19220 Autophagy acteria symbiotic technique of wastewater culture, the aerobic microorganisms can take away more than 60 COD, even though the microalgae can give O2 (six mg/L) by means of photosynthesis, and eliminate 40 nitrogen (NH4 -N) and more than 90 phosphorus [17]. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus as well as other nutrients in wastewater can influence the purification efficiency of microalgae and the recovery effect of microalgae biomass. Hulya and Ilgi [18] reported that the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was primarily impacted by the concentration of influent ammonia nitrogen. Arumugam et al. [19] identified that S. bijugatus grew far better beneath the concentration of 50 mM nitrogen than that of 150 mM. CO2 and light intensity are also essential factors to market the efficiency of photosynthesis, so as to improve the uptake of nutrients by microalgae, and after that raise the biomass accumulation [20]. Goncalves et al. [21] discovered that the growth and CO2 fixation prices of 4 microalgae strains (i.e., C. vulgaris, P. subcapitata, S. salina, and M. aeruginosa) all showed a trend of initial escalating and after that decreasing under diverse concentrations of CO2 . The optimum CO2 concentration ranges between 4.87 and five.62 , and also the maximum biomass can attain 0.126 g dw/L . Shih-hsin et al. [22] discovered that using the raise in light intensity, the particular development rate of S. obliquus mostly went up then gradually stabilized, even though biomass productivi.
