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IV optimistic and unfavorable patients in quite a few countries. HIV constructive individuals are additional likely to become KSHV constructive than HIV adverse patients and this association is strongest in guys that have sex with guys, young children and hemophiliacs. 19. Grossmann C, Podgrabinska S, Skobe M, et al. Activation of NF-kappaB by the latent vFLIP gene of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is essential for the spindle shape of virus-infected endothelial cells and contributes to their proinflammatory phenotype. J Virol. 2006; 80:71797185. [PubMed: 16809323] 20. Keller SA, Schattner EJ, Cesarman E. Inhibition of NF-kappaB induces apoptosis of KSHVinfected primary effusion lymphoma cells. Blood. 2000; 96:2537542. [PubMed: 11001908] 21. Hughes DJ, Wood JJ, Jackson BR, et al. NEDDylation is essential for Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency and lytic reactivation and represents a novel anti-KSHV target.Opiorphin Autophagy PLoS Pathog. 2015; 11:e1004771. [PubMed: 25794275] ** The ubiquitin ligase, NEDD8, has emerged as fascinating therapeutic target, in portion, to the development of a new inhibitor of NEDD8 activation.PA452 Epigenetic Reader Domain Inhibition of NEDD8 activity causes principal effusion lymphoma cytotoxicity and other literature suggests that this pathway might be a crucial target for other viral infections, including HIV. 22. Tomlinson CC, Damania B. The K1 protein of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus activates the Akt signaling pathway. J Virol. 2004; 78:1918927. [PubMed: 14747556] 23. Sodhi A, Chaisuparat R, Hu J, et al. The TSC2/mTOR pathway drives endothelial cell transformation induced by the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor. Cancer Cell. 2006; 10:13343. [PubMed: 16904612] 24. Morris VA, Punjabi AS, Lagunoff M. Activation of Akt via gp130 receptor signaling is necessary for Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-induced lymphatic reprogramming of endothelial cells. J Virol. 2008; 82:8771779. [PubMed: 18579585] 25. Roy D, Sin SH, Lucas A, et al. mTOR inhibitors block Kaposi sarcoma development by inhibiting vital autocrine growth components and tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 2013; 73:2235246. [PubMed: 23382046] 26. Stallone G, Schena A, Infante B, et al. Sirolimus for Kaposi’s sarcoma in renal-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352:1317323. [PubMed: 15800227] 27. Godfrey A, Anderson J, Papanastasiou A, et al. Inhibiting primary effusion lymphoma by lentiviral vectors encoding brief hairpin RNA. Blood. 2005; 105:2510518. [PubMed: 15572586] 28. Boss IW, Nadeau PE, Abbott JR, et al. A Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded ortholog of microRNA miR-155 induces human splenic B-cell expansion in NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rgammanull mice. J Virol. 2011; 85:9877886.PMID:24733396 [PubMed: 21813606] 29. Gottwein E, Cullen BR. A human herpesvirus microRNA inhibits p21 expression and attenuates p21-mediated cell cycle arrest. J Virol. 2010; 84:5229237. [PubMed: 20219912] 30. Kieffer-Kwon P, Happel C, Uldrick TS, et al. KSHV MicroRNAs Repress Tropomyosin 1 and Improve Anchorage-Independent Growth and Endothelial Tube Formation. PLoS 1. 2015; 10:e0135560. [PubMed: 26263384] 31. Moody R, Zhu Y, Huang Y, et al. KSHV microRNAs mediate cellular transformation and tumorigenesis by redundantly targeting cell development and survival pathways. PLoS Pathog. 2013; 9:e1003857. [PubMed: 24385912] 32. Friborg J Jr, Kong W, Hottiger MO, et al. p53 inhibition by the LANA protein of KSHV protects against cell death. Nature. 1999; 402:88994. [PubMed: 10622254] 33. Sarek G, Kurki.

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Author: GTPase atpase