It is estimated that greater than 1 million adults inside the UK are at present living using the long-term consequences of brain injuries (Headway, 2014b). Prices of ABI have enhanced considerably in current years, with estimated increases over ten years ranging from 33 per cent (Headway, 2014b) to 95 per cent (HSCIC, 2012). This improve is because of several different factors which includes enhanced emergency response following injury (Powell, 2004); more cyclists interacting with heavier visitors flow; improved participation in dangerous sports; and larger numbers of very old men and women inside the population. Based on Good (2014), the most popular causes of ABI Avasimibe biological activity within the UK are falls (22 ?43 per cent), assaults (30 ?50 per cent) and road traffic accidents (circa 25 per cent), although the latter category accounts for a disproportionate quantity of a lot more serious brain injuries; other causes of ABI incorporate sports injuries and domestic violence. Brain injury is extra typical amongst males than ladies and shows peaks at ages fifteen to thirty and more than eighty (Nice, 2014). International information show comparable patterns. As an example, in the USA, the Centre for Disease Manage estimates that ABI impacts 1.7 million Americans each and every year; children aged from birth to four, older teenagers and adults aged over sixty-five have the highest rates of ABI, with guys more susceptible than women across all age ranges (CDC, undated, Traumatic Brain Injury within the United states: Truth Sheet, accessible online at www.cdc.gov/ traumaticbraininjury/get_the_facts.html, accessed December 2014). There is also increasing awareness and concern within the USA about ABI amongst military personnel (see, e.g. Okie, 2005), with ABI rates reported to exceed onefifth of combatants (Okie, 2005; Terrio et al., 2009). While this short article will focus on current UK policy and practice, the concerns which it highlights are relevant to numerous national contexts.Acquired Brain Injury, Social Work and PersonalisationIf the causes of ABI are wide-ranging and unevenly distributed across age and gender, the impacts of ABI are similarly diverse. Some individuals make a superb recovery from their brain injury, whilst others are left with important ongoing troubles. Moreover, as Headway (2014b) cautions, the `initial diagnosis of severity of injury is just not a trusted indicator of long-term problems’. The possible impacts of ABI are properly described both in (non-social operate) academic literature (e.g. Fleminger and Ponsford, 2005) and in personal accounts (e.g. Crimmins, 2001; Perry, 1986). Nonetheless, given the limited attention to ABI in social function literature, it’s worth 10508619.2011.638589 listing a number of the frequent after-effects: physical issues, cognitive troubles, impairment of executive functioning, adjustments to a person’s behaviour and alterations to emotional regulation and `personality’. For many individuals with ABI, there might be no physical indicators of impairment, but some may well practical experience a selection of physical troubles which includes `loss of co-ordination, muscle rigidity, paralysis, epilepsy, difficulty in speaking, loss of sight, smell or taste, fatigue, and sexual problems’ (Headway, 2014b), with fatigue and headaches getting especially widespread just after cognitive activity. ABI may also bring about cognitive issues including difficulties with journal.pone.0169185 memory and decreased speed of data processing by the brain. These physical and cognitive aspects of ABI, whilst challenging for the person concerned, are fairly easy for social workers and other 
people to conceptuali.
