Gray main diagonal). Israeli senders show no increased expectations for receivers from Israel but give considerably more than they expect to receive. GS-4059MedChemExpress ONO-4059 persons from India expect to receive more from their ingroup and do not favor their own group on top of that. GW 4064MedChemExpress GW 4064 Germans even expect to receive rather little from the ingroup but transfer more than they expect to receive. Overall, the detailed analyses show that ingroup favoritism varies quantitatively as well as qualitatively between nations. There is no additional effect of spatial distance between sender and receiver countries on net-transfer. As a third factor, we tested for effects of inequality aversion as a result of differences in the level of wealth based on GDP per capita (corrected for purchasing power) (www.imf.org/external/ pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/download.aspx) for the sender minus that for the receiver. In doing so, we find a wealth difference effect on net-transfer. In line with the inequality-aversion argument introduced above, persons give more than they expect to receive to persons from poorer countries but expect less cooperation from these persons. Fourth, we tested the effect of cultural similarity between nations based on the Euclidean distance on the Hofstede cultural dimensions. Contrary to the assumption that social preferences could be positively shaped by cultural similarity, we find that the tendency of individuals to give more than they expect overall decreases with cultural similarity. Detailed analyses on the Hofstede dimensions (including all other predictors from Table 2) reveal that net-transfers increase with similarity regarding masculinity but decrease with cultural similarity regarding power distance and uncertainty avoidance. Finally, we analyzed data from our postexperimental questionnaire, in which participants rated the other countries on cooperation-related and nonrelated attributes concerning their effects on transfers and expectations. We thereby find that perceived wealth is a predictor for expectations, b = 1.64, t(1,024) = 2.96, P = 0.003 and net-transfers, b = -2.06, t(1,024) = -5.22, P < 0.001, which provides further support for the inequality results from the analysis of GDP.Dorrough and Gl knerTable 1. Expectations, transfers, and net-transfers in studySender/receiver nationality Sender nationality Mexico Japan Germany Israel India United States Receiver nationality Mexico Japan Germany Israel India United States Constant Observations Adjusted R2 Expectation (model 1) 2.493 (1.52) -8.741*** (-5.53) -0.708 (-0.46) 5.219*** (3.31) 2.910 (1.67) -1.173 (-0.69) -4.522*** (-9.05) 7.010*** (13.68) 1.802*** (3.64) -5.247*** (-10.05) -3.324*** (-6.48) 4.280*** (8.06) 42.86*** (61.46) 7,362 0.058 Transfer (model 2) 1.332 (0.76) -8.126*** (-4.52) 2.547 (1.49) 5.497** (3.22) -3.486* (-2.06) 2.236 (1.19) -2.908*** (-6.73) 3.791*** (8.48) 0.531 (1.17) -3.071*** (-6.66) -0.602 (-1.29) 2.259*** (4.95) 44.35*** (59.34) 7,362 0.058 Net-transfer (model 3) -1.160 (-1.38) 0.615 (0.69) 3.255*** (3.79) 0.278 (0.30) -6.396*** (-5.20) 3.409*** (3.42) 1.614*** (3.80) -3.219*** (-7.78) -1.271** (-3.03) 2.176*** (4.96) 2.722*** (5.83) -2.021*** (-4.63) 1.491*** (3.69) 7,362 0.Regression models (OLS with cluster-corrected SEs) for study 1 predicting expectations (model 1), transfers (model 2), and net-transfers (model 3) by the sender's and receiver's country of origin as well as all two-way interactions, which are reported in SI Appendix, Table S3. Indicators for.Gray main diagonal). Israeli senders show no increased expectations for receivers from Israel but give considerably more than they expect to receive. Persons from India expect to receive more from their ingroup and do not favor their own group on top of that. Germans even expect to receive rather little from the ingroup but transfer more than they expect to receive. Overall, the detailed analyses show that ingroup favoritism varies quantitatively as well as qualitatively between nations. There is no additional effect of spatial distance between sender and receiver countries on net-transfer. As a third factor, we tested for effects of inequality aversion as a result of differences in the level of wealth based on GDP per capita (corrected for purchasing power) (www.imf.org/external/ pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/download.aspx) for the sender minus that for the receiver. In doing so, we find a wealth difference effect on net-transfer. In line with the inequality-aversion argument introduced above, persons give more than they expect to receive to persons from poorer countries but expect less cooperation from these persons. Fourth, we tested the effect of cultural similarity between nations based on the Euclidean distance on the Hofstede cultural dimensions. Contrary to the assumption that social preferences could be positively shaped by cultural similarity, we find that the tendency of individuals to give more than they expect overall decreases with cultural similarity. Detailed analyses on the Hofstede dimensions (including all other predictors from Table 2) reveal that net-transfers increase with similarity regarding masculinity but decrease with cultural similarity regarding power distance and uncertainty avoidance. Finally, we analyzed data from our postexperimental questionnaire, in which participants rated the other countries on cooperation-related and nonrelated attributes concerning their effects on transfers and expectations. We thereby find that perceived wealth is a predictor for expectations, b = 1.64, t(1,024) = 2.96, P = 0.003 and net-transfers, b = -2.06, t(1,024) = -5.22, P < 0.001, which provides further support for the inequality results from the analysis of GDP.Dorrough and Gl knerTable 1. Expectations, transfers, and net-transfers in studySender/receiver nationality Sender nationality Mexico Japan Germany Israel India United States Receiver nationality Mexico Japan Germany Israel India United States Constant Observations Adjusted R2 Expectation (model 1) 2.493 (1.52) -8.741*** (-5.53) -0.708 (-0.46) 5.219*** (3.31) 2.910 (1.67) -1.173 (-0.69) -4.522*** (-9.05) 7.010*** (13.68) 1.802*** (3.64) -5.247*** (-10.05) -3.324*** (-6.48) 4.280*** (8.06) 42.86*** (61.46) 7,362 0.058 Transfer (model 2) 1.332 (0.76) -8.126*** (-4.52) 2.547 (1.49) 5.497** (3.22) -3.486* (-2.06) 2.236 (1.19) -2.908*** (-6.73) 3.791*** (8.48) 0.531 (1.17) -3.071*** (-6.66) -0.602 (-1.29) 2.259*** (4.95) 44.35*** (59.34) 7,362 0.058 Net-transfer (model 3) -1.160 (-1.38) 0.615 (0.69) 3.255*** (3.79) 0.278 (0.30) -6.396*** (-5.20) 3.409*** (3.42) 1.614*** (3.80) -3.219*** (-7.78) -1.271** (-3.03) 2.176*** (4.96) 2.722*** (5.83) -2.021*** (-4.63) 1.491*** (3.69) 7,362 0.Regression models (OLS with cluster-corrected SEs) for study 1 predicting expectations (model 1), transfers (model 2), and net-transfers (model 3) by the sender's and receiver's country of origin as well as all two-way interactions, which are reported in SI Appendix, Table S3. Indicators for.
