Hat the J2 lineage of P. barbatus, which can be centered on southeastern Arizona, is?2015 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley Sons Ltd.Phylogeography of Pogonomyrmex Harvester AntsB. M. Mott et al.additional closely connected to geographically distant populations of P. barbatus in southern Mexico than to the eastern group of ECD P. barbatus located in New Mexico and Texas. In addition to the MX2 sample integrated in Anderson et al. (2006), that is recovered right here as a extended terminal branch rooting the J2/H clade, our analyses recovered the J2/H clade as sister to a broadly distributed group of P. barbatus ranging throughout the southern Altiplano of Mexico (SWest Pbar, Fig. four). In contrast, the populations of ECD P. barbatus in the U.S. seem to be the northern extent of a broadly distributed eastern clade that extends south by means of the northeastern margins with the Chihuahuan Desert, and down the Gulf coast through the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Veracruz (Fig. 4). Both the SWest Pbar along with the East Pbar clades include a second well-supported bifurcation, which additional splits them along a roughly north outh axis (Figs. three, five). This pattern is further informed by the geographic position from the macrogroup designated as Basal Pbar. The two clades in this group (Basal Pbar North and Basal Pbar South) are not supported as a monophyletic clade. Even so, the two pairs of samples were regarded a meaningful assemblage due to their jointly narrow distribution along the western edge with the Sierra Madre Oriental, and since they are both comparatively depauperate basal branches that might be an early divergence in the additional broadly distributed clades within the P. barbatus mtDNA subtree. Notably, the two populations inside the Basal Pbar North group have been identified as PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21107380 members on the P. rugosus morphospecies (Pr445 and Pr451). As well as the Basal Pbar North samples and the complete with the H lineage clade, 1 other sample with a P. rugosus-like morphology was recovered inside the East Pbar 1 clade (Pr425). Moreover, the cox1 sequence from Pr425 differed from that in the Pb419 sample by only a single base pair, and also the Pb419 sample also possessed a somewhat intermediate morphology. The connection in between geographical distributions and phylogenetic structure in P. barbatus is summarized in Fig. 7. The P. rugosus mtDNA species phylogeny was a lot more simple, with seven nominal subgroups recovered within a progressively nested series of clades (Fig. three). The broadly distributed J1 and Prug three clades have been recovered collectively as a monophyletic group, and they are progressively rooted by two other broadly distributed clades, designated Prug two and Prug 1. These three clades are rendered paraphyletic by the presence from the introgressed J1 lineage, which has a P. barbatus-like morphology, but they had been nonetheless assembled into the nominal North Prug macrogroup because they represent the vast majority in the P. rugosus distribution, which includes all populations having a known ECD phenotype. The remaining three subgroups in South Prug are also a paraphyletic assemblage, however they were grouped with each other since they representthe much more narrowly distributed basal clades for the species. The South Prug clades are in Basmisanil site particular exciting simply because they are distributed in 3 adjacent biogeographic regions, separated by well-studied vicariance barriers (the Sea of Cortes and the Sierra Madres Occidental). As a result, their positions and relative levels of divergence may possibly present som.
