ending the HIV/AIDS pandemic: a feasible goal. JAMA 304: 350351. Lederman MM, Penn-Nicholson A, Stone SF, Sieg SF, Rodriguez B Monitoring clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines in HIV infection: role of treatment interruption. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2: 5661. Schooley RT, Spritzler J, Wang H, Lederman MM, Havlir D, et al. AIDS clinical trials group 5197: a placebo-controlled trial of immunization of HIV-1-infected persons with a replication-deficient adenovirus type 5 vaccine expressing the HIV-1 core protein. J Infect Dis 202: 705716. 7. Li JZ, Brumme ZL, Brumme CJ, Wang H, Spritzler J, et al. Factors associated with viral rebound in HIV-1-infected individuals enrolled in a therapeutic HIV-1 gag vaccine trial. J Infect Dis 203: 976983. 8. van den Berg-Wolf M, Hullsiek KH, Peng G, Kozal MJ, Novak RM, et al. Virologic, immunologic, clinical, safety, and resistance outcomes from a long-term comparison of efavirenz-based versus nevirapine-based antiretroviral regimens as initial therapy in HIV-1-infected persons. HIV Clin Trials 9: 324336. 9. Murphy RA, Sunpath H, Lu Z, Chelin N, Losina E, et al. Outcomes after virologic failure of first-line ART in South Africa. AIDS 24: 10071012. 10. Babiker A, Castro nee Green H, Compagnucci A, Fiscus S, Giaquinto C, et al. First-line antiretroviral therapy with a protease inhibitor versus 11118042” nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and switch at higher versus low viral 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 Viral Suppression after Therapeutic Vaccination 11. ” 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. load in HIV-infected children: an open-label, randomised phase 2/3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 11: 273283. Miller LG, Golin CE, Liu H, Hays RD, Hua J, et al. No evidence of an association between transient HIV viremia and lower adherence to the antiretroviral medication regimen. J Infect Dis 189: 14871496. Sungkanuparph S, Overton ET, Seyfried W, Groger RK, PG 490 Fraser VJ, et al. Intermittent episodes of detectable HIV viremia in patients receiving nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-based or protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens are equivalent in incidence and prognosis. Clin Infect Dis 41: 13261332. Gao X, Nelson GW, Karacki P, Martin MP, Phair J, et al. Effect of a single amino acid change in MHC class I molecules on the rate of progression to AIDS. N Engl J Med 344: 16681675. Tobery TW, Dubey SA, Anderson K, Freed DC, Cox KS, et al. A comparison of standard immunogenicity assays for monitoring HIV type 1 gagspecific T cell responses in Ad5 HIV Type 1 gag vaccinated human subjects. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22: 10811090. Trigona WL, Clair JH, Persaud N, Punt K, Bachinsky M, et al. Intracellular staining for HIV-specific IFN-gamma production: statistical analyses establish reproducibility and criteria for distinguishing positive responses. J Interferon Cytokine Res 23: 369377. Brumme ZL, John M, Carlson JM, Brumme CJ, Chan D, et al. HLAassociated immune escape pathways in HIV-1 subtype B Gag, Pol and Nef proteins. PLoS ONE 4: e6687. Le Moing V, Chene G, Carrieri MP, Alioum A, Brun-Vezinet F, et al. Predictors of virological rebound in HIV-1-infected patients initiating a protease inhibitor-containing regimen. AIDS 16: 2129. Ioannidis JP, Havlir DV, Tebas P, Hirsch MS, Collier AC, et al. Dynamics of HIV-1 viral load rebound among patients with previous suppression of viral replication. AIDS 14: 14811488. Fagard C, Oxenius A, Gunthard H, Garcia F, Le Braz M, et al. A prospective trial of structure